?

what are these?

Competition

Blow these up to lets say 54mm then colour them. The best gets a free 54mm soldier,but there must be at least twenty different entries. Closing date august end this summer coming. By the way these are original mid victorian wargaming paper soldiers

italeri house

us armoured car

italy in the making

Garibaldi in theSouth

The Battle of Calatafimi, May 15, 1860Naplessharpshooter 1860


The Neapolitans face Garibaldi and the "Thousand" shortly after their landing at Marsala, on the road to Palermo. This battle was considered by Garibaldi to be one of his crowning glories - not only did he beat a force twice the size of his own, thus giving his troops the spirit to prevail elsewhere (notably at Palermo), but the ferocity of the troops on both sides proved conclusively for him that Italians could fight.

Orders of Battle

Garibaldinithese britains size Neopolitan infantry and garibaldini would be a good size for a larger size battle. I sell these.



Commander: Giuseppe Garibaldi



1st Red-Shirt Battalion (500)



2nd Red-Shirt Battalion (600)Garibaldian 54mm



Genoese Carabiniers (43)



Sicilian Picciotti (300, in two groups; 800 more did not take part in the battle)



Guides [cavalry] (23)



Artillery (5 smoothbore field guns)



Neapolitan



Commander: Brigadier-General Francisco Landi



Sub-Commander: Major Sforza



8th Cacciatori Battalion (1000)



1 Battalion 10th Line Infantry (1000)



1 Battalion Royal Carabinier Regiment (1000)



Platoon Horse Chasseurs (50)



Battery (4 smoothbore 6# field guns)



Notes: The Garibaldini Guides were without horses at the time of this battle. The Picciotti were Sicilians who were poorly armed, often with a type of local blunderbuss that, although fitted to take percussion caps, was not tremendously effective. Landi held three companies of the Royal Carabiniers, three companies of the 10th Line battalion, and two of the four guns in reserve - these units did not see action. (Neapolitan battalions had 6 companies.) The Royal Carabiniers were the elite infantry formation of the Neapolitan army.



The Garibaldini had smoothbore percussion muskets - mostly converted flintlocks; only the Genoese Carabiniers had percussion rifles. All of the Neapolitan infantry are armed with percussion rifles, except for the Cacciatori and the Horse Chasseurs, who have rifled percussion carbines. Note that Sforza commanded the active half of the Neapolitan force during the battle - Landi stood in reserve. For tabletop representation, you may wish to field the half-battalions as separate units, since that is how they functioned during the battle.



For uniform information, you may wish to see the article "The Kingdom of Naples Army Organisation and Uniforms 1853-1860" by Keith Fry, which can be accessed by members at http://www.magweb.com. This is largely a reprint of information presented in one of the Freikorps 15s/Ulster Imports booklets by Luigi Casale, "Red Shirts, Garibaldi's Campaign in Southern Italy - 1860". This booklet also provides a wealth of information about the Garibaldini.





Notes on the Terrain

Although, with some exceptions, the slopes of the hills in the area were fairly smooth, they had been terraced for cultivation, and were quite steep. These terraces offered the Gardibaldini cover as they charged up the Pianto dei Romani at the Neapolitans, and probably would impede the progress of troops moving in close-order line formations through them. Consequently, the terrain can probably be considered "rough" on the hills. The streams would be fordable at all points.



Description of the Battle

The battle began around noon, the Garibaldini charging the approaching Neapolitans under Sforza (8th Cacciatori, half of the 10th Line, half of the Royal Carabiniers, half of the artillery and the cavalry). While the Genoese Carabiniers kept up a covering fire, the other infantry charged forward with the bayonet, pushing the first line of Neapolitan troops back. For two hours the Garibaldini hid behind terraced walls of the Pianto dei Romani, moving forward in short rushes under the blazing sun. Finally, Garibaldi led his men forward in a final charge, shouting that the Neapolitans were out of ammunition. The charge carried the Neapolitan line away, leaving the field to the Garibaldini. The Garibaldini artillery was forced to hide behind a hastily-constructed barricade by the Neapolitan Horse Chasseurs, which moved forwad on the road, and consequently did not get into the main part of the action until late in the day. The Neapolitan reserve under Landi took no part in the action, for the commander decided that Sforza needed no help. Had Garibaldi lost this battle, it is unlikely that he would have conquered Sicily (at least not in 1860 - he was a very determined man).



Scenario Notes

This is one of the battles in which Garibaldi displayed incredible force of personality. It is realistic to give him the highest leadership ratings possible (twice as good as the opposing Neapolitan commanders). The Picciotti could have helped in greater numbers, or possibly not at all. These forces can be used to balance out the scenario, along with the Neapolitan reserve. Generally speaking, the Neapolitan troops were not highly motivated, whereas the Garibaldini "Thousand" were fired with great enthusiasm for their cause. This scenario is good for those who are building armies for other Risorgimento scenarios: Neapolitans are good for refights of Milazzo and the Volturno, and the Garibaldini can be used for those battles, as well as Menatana (and even the Franco-Prussian War). Figures in 25mm can be obtained from Mirliton, an Italian manufacturer.

montrose

new montrose

lot of french made soldiers recently on vectis

54mm wargames

the first four photos are of my present production. the risorgimento wars in britains 54mm scale the n french and riflemen in a bigger 54mm size. they make up a scene  called  encounter in the woods meant to be during the peninsular campaign.great prices. last arenew germans on the market in ho oo in plastic

charles staddens cottage people

its a shame that you can't buy these little cottage people anymore

1854 french infantry

new revell

The Swordfish proved to be one of the few biplanes that remained in service throughout World War II. It was used from 1936 onwards by 25 squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm. Many important combat missions were successfully flown by the Swordfish, the most famous of which was the attack on the Bismarck in May 1941.

fokker

new from revell
The Fokker Dr. I was the most legendary aircraft of the First World War, although only about 300 machines were ever built. The most important contribution to the creation of this legend was made by Cavalry Captain Manfred Baron von Richthofen, who, with 80 victories in the air, was the most successful fighter pilot of the First World War and whose planes were painted red. This redlivery was the reason why his English adversaries called him the Red Baron. On 21st April 1918 von Richthofen was killed when his plane was shot down at low altitude by Australian machine gunners. Although influenced by the design of theBritish Sopwith triplane, the Fokker was a completely independent design. The Dr. I was extremely manoeuvrable and was flown by many experienced pilots.

tiger zouaves?

THE LOSS OF THE AMERICAS

sae 35mm

Reasons given for the loss of the american colonies are basically two, that of  simply the nature of the war and the behavior of the insurgents. Guerilla wars are always difficult to fight because the terrorists can chose the time and place of each engagement. All the terrorists have to do in the long run to win is to keep the war going until people in the law-abiding majority decide they cannot live like that anymore, and that, for a quiet life, even an extremist new regime might be better. (They know that the law-abiding people averse to the terrorists are unlikely to resort to guerrilla warfare themselves.) Washington, by himself (i.e. before the French arrived to help out), never won a single battle against the British.

The US encountered the same problem in Vietnam, of course. The US Army never lost a battle against the Vietcong, but we still lost the war because they thought they were fighting individual battles when Ho Chi Minh had drawn out the rules of engagement unbeknown to the Americans that of whose nerve could hold the longest, We know now that the greatest infantry of the last fifty years were Viets and they fought off a lopsided  and unwilling to fight army.  The same may be happening again in Iraq.


Then there's another reason thats just as wrong that of the French.Wrong again just as much as the idea that washington was a good leader. The basic truth was that the British just run of supplies and the will of their mad King to win which bore on the supplie situation.

troop carrier

authenticast

jupiter truck by herpa 1.87 in plasticherpa troops

herpa ho

7.98 from the herpa website

French ww1

Superb collection of 54 mm french 1916 recently auctioned

american scout car

bmc ships

ww1 sub

acw sharpsburg

all pieces in 30mm are sae

On September 16, Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan confronted Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia at Sharpsburg, Maryland. At dawn September 17, Hooker’s corps mounted a powerful assault on Lee’s left flank that began the single bloodiest day in American military history

. Attacks and counterattacks swept across Miller’s cornfield and fighting swirled around the Dunker Church. Union assaults against the Sunken Road eventually pierced the Confederate center, but the Federal advantage was not followed up. Late in the day, Burnside’s corps finally got into action, crossing the stone bridge over Antietam Creek and rolling up the Confederate right. At a crucial moment, A.P. Hill’s division arrived from Harpers Ferry and counterattacked, driving back Burnside and saving the day. Although outnumbered two-to-one, Lee committed his entire force, while McClellan sent in less than three-quarters of his army, enabling Lee to fight the Federals to a standstill. During the night, both armies consolidated their lines. In spite of crippling casualties, Lee continued to skirmish with McClellan throughout the 18th, while removing his wounded south of the river. McClellan did not renew the assaults. After dark, Lee ordered the battered Army of Northern Virginia to withdraw across the Potomac into the Shenandoah ValleySAE

THE 20TH MAINE

The 20th Maine had mustered into Federal Service in August 1862, as part of the Third Brigade, First Division, of the Army of the Potomac's Fifth Corps. On September 12, 1862, the First Division, under the command of General George Morell, moved out of its Washington-area camps, and the men of the 20th Maine began its first long march. Chamberlain rode alongside Colonel Ames, and the two officers made a handsome pair, riding erectly on their horses. The 20th's new uniforms and accouterments made quite a sharp contrast with the more worn apparel of the more veteran regiments.

Moving out of Washington, the men moved northwest into Maryland, toward the city of Frederick. The following day, the men in the newer regiments began discarding all their extra items alongside the road, in order to lighten their loads. The more experienced regiments, instead, rolled the barest of necessities up in a blanket that they wore across the body and over the shoulder; their canteens and mess items were hung from their belts. The dust, kicked up by thousands of marching feet, choked both veteran and new soldier alike, as they sweated in their woolen uniforms. And even the strongest men's wills could no longer command their bodies, as they fell behind their units--they caught up with their comrades long after dark had fallen.

THULSTOPS PAINTING

After a forced march of some 24 miles the next day, the 20th Maine went into bivouac along the Monocacy River, two miles from Frederick. All day long, they heard the sound of booming cannon, as the Union forces fought the Confederates for control of three South Mountain passes. South Mountain was the name given to a range of low mountains, which ran north from the Potomac River through Maryland into Pennsylvania. As the Fifth Corps marched into Frederick, Maryland, the following day, they were welcomed enthusiastically by the city's pro-Union sympathizers. The men were given water and bread by handkerchief-waving ladies, who stood at their gates.

SAE 7 Years War?

revell new ground crew luftwaffe

BHOYS AND GANGS

GANGS OF ROUGHS By Lee Jackson                  http://www.victorianlondon.org/.

I've commented before on hooliganism, a topic which will feature in my next novel, but it's fascinating to note how vicious behaviour and teen gangs are not a modern phenomenon, whatever the media would have you believe (whether we have more incidents of such things, I genuinely don't know). Here's some examples ... I challenge you to read the articles below and not feel just a little bit less paranoid about modern London life.

28mm wargames figures for refighting the Islington of Lee Jackson

Islington - always been a bit rough, innit?

At CLERKENWELL, JOHN GARVEY, 19, a rough-looking youth, was charged with feloniously cutting and wounding his father by stabbing him in the head and shoulder with a pocket knife. The father, William Garvey, living in Adelaide-square, New North-road, said that his son lived with him, but was very unruly. On Sunday night he was with a number of other lads outside the house, and witness, who was in bed, was disturbed by their whistling and singing. he called from the window of his bedroom to his son, telling him to be quiet or go away. Within a few minutes afterwards the prisoner rushed into his bedroom with an open knife in his hand and began abusing him for calling out of the window, and called him many bad names. Witness tried to put him out of the room. The prisoner then struck him, and witness felt the knife enter his left shoulder. A second blow was given, and the knife entered his head on the left side. They struggling for the knife, and witness got his hand cut, and lost so much blood that he became insensible. A constable was fetched, and the prisoner charged; witness afterwards finding him at the station, where his own wounds were dressed. Mr. F.J.Bucknell, M.D., of Upper-street, Islington, divisional surgeon, deposed to attending the prosecutor, who had received a stab in the left shoulder and a severe cut on the head, partially dividing the left ear. The prisoner, who when charged made no statement in defence, now said that he had nothing to say, and was fully committed for trial at the Middlesex Sessions.



The Times, 7th June, 1881.
 Below Lee Jackson sets out to have a look at the Victorian flats up Brick Lane he's the one on the left and the right

THE ISLINGTON ROUGHS. - Joseph Bonner, 19, labourer of Beaconsfield-buildings, York-road; and William Richards, 19, labourer, were charged with assaulting Constable Ross, 147 Y, while in the execution of his duty. It was stated by the police that the two prisoners belonged to a gang of roughs who were in the habit of parading the streets armed with sticks, stones, and knotted ropes, creating a disturbance by fighting among themselves, and molesting every person they met. On Sunday afternoon Police-constable Ross met a gang of about forty youths, behaving in this manner described in Charlotte-street, Islington, the two prisoners being among them. He took Richards, who was armed with a thick stick, into custody, and Bonner then struck him on the head with a knotted rope, damaging his helmet. He took the stick from Richards, but Bonner wrested it from him and struck him several violent blows on the back with it. Richards also struck him and kicked him in endeavouring to escape from custody. He let Richards go and took Bonner into custody, and Richards was apprehended on the following morning. Mr. Hosack sentenced Bonner to two months' and Richard to one month's hard labour.

You could tell them by their bell-bottomed trousers, fringes and jauntily-tilted caps - and if you saw them, you were advised to cut and run.

The Gangs of Manchester : The Story of the Scuttlers, Britain's First Youth Cult by Andrew Davies 336pp, Milo Books, £11.99 Click here to buy from the Guardian bookshop They ran the grimy streets of Manchester and filled the city's courts and police cells, while the media described their codes and gang names in lurid detail - the Bengal Tigers, the Meadow Lads and the She Battery Mob.

But this wasn't another outbreak of modern gun crime, teenage stabbings or hoodie trouble-making. The 'scuttlers', as the whole of Britain learned to know and detest them, were a serious social problem in the 1870s and 80s.

jews and eastern europeans

blue moon ltd

Influenced by an empire almost permanently at war, from the Sudan to Afghanistan, they took over music halls, openly paraded with home-made weapons and staged fights where more than 500 young people took part.

sudan by dixon

Their history has now been chronicled by a Liverpool university academic, Dr Andrew Davies, after years in their company in the peaceful reading rooms of archives from Manchester to London. His research uncovers all the features of 21st-century concern about youth crime, but on a larger scale, and 140 years ago.

old islington

"There are so many records that it has taken me 15 years to pull all the material together," says Davies, whose book, The Gangs of Manchester: The Story of the Scuttlers, is published this month with public readings in the city and plans for a future play.

"Matching press reports with police, court and prison records gives a picture of relentless urban violence by young men going through the new, compulsory school system and out into the mills and factories of Manchester."

The staged fights also involved "scuttlerettes", girls as young as 14 who were accused of raising the level of violence by flirting with rival youths and egging them on. In Liverpool, according to Davies' researches, gangs were often motivated by robbery, carried out by way of a more vicious version of Fagin's pickpockets in Oliver Twist. But in Manchester, the motive was testosterone-fuelled excitement and a hunt for status.

Eureka miniatures

eureka miniatures

Slags

"Each gang wanted to be recognised as the toughest in the city, and scuttlers would walk as far as five miles to take on rivals," says Davies. "Groups took possession of their favourite music halls and attacked any members of other gangs who came in, using sharpened belt buckles or knives as weapons."

irish by foundry

Some example police mugshots of Manchester gangsters, including identifying features such as "left leg much thinner than right" Then as now, individuals were singled out by both police and media. One reprobate was John-Joseph Hillier, the Irish-born leader of the Deansgate Mob, who joined the gang when he was 14. He was repeatedly jailed for slashing members of the rival Casino gang with a butcher's knife and was nicknamed "King of the Scuttlers" by reporters.

hill

Delighted with the notoriety, he had the name sewn on to the front of the trademark jersey he wore with his bell-bottoms and cap. The word 'scuttle' was coined by the boys as a term for street-fighting.

the bill by eureka

Davies says that one major difference from today's youth violence was that deaths were very rare. But the level of serious woundings - and the sheer number of young teenagers filling the newly-built Strangeways prison and other jails - led Manchester city council to petition the then home secretary for the return of flogging to punish violent crime.

more bill

In the end, with the authorities acknowledging the effect of the 19th century's catalogue of international violence - gangs in battles such as the Rochdale Road War called themselves either 'Russians' or 'Turks' - the answer was more thoughtful. A philanthropic movement to set up Lads Clubs took root in the worst-affected areas, including the core of Salford, which Friedrich Engels had described several decades earlier as the world's classic urban slum.

the great Engels

Church leaders and others, including the Manchester Guardian, recognised the role of status and competition in scuttler society and diverted it into boxing and sporting competitions, especially football. Davies says: "They were very successful in working with younger boys who might have been expected to form the next cohort of the gangs."

victorian civilians blue moon

The book dwells on the parallels with today, and Davies says that he was fascinated by the unchanging role of dress and personal appearance as a sign of belonging to a gang. He details scuttler hairstyle, known in the 1870s as a "donkey fringe", which required close cropping at the back but an angled fringe at the front, with the hair longer on the right.

jacks' people blue moon

Differently-coloured scarves completed the uniform. Most scuttlers added brass tips to their clogs to add an intimidating rattle to the normal clatter of the footwear on the city's cobbles. Davies says: "You could well imagine a scuttler finding himself at a concert a hundred years later and blending right in."